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Medicina (B.Aires) ; 76(1): 10-18, feb. 2016. ilus, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-841532

ABSTRACT

La piomiositis primaria es la infección bacteriana por vía hematógena del músculo estriado. Está relacionada con factores de riesgo como HIV/sida y otras enfermedades inmunodepresoras, pudiendo estar asociados a factores locales de estrés muscular. El agente etiológico más frecuente es Staphylococcus aureus. Su retardo diagnóstico puede ocasionar una evolución fatal. En esta serie se evaluaron 32 pacientes con piomiositis primaria diagnosticados por ecografía. El factor de riesgo más frecuente fue el HIV/sida (61%). Los factores locales se detectaron en 21 casos (66%): en primer lugar, la práctica de futbol. La forma monofocal se observó en 19 (59%) los músculos más frecuentemente afectados fueron cuádriceps, gemelos y psoas. Se obtuvieron muestras para estudio bacteriológico en 30 casos, 27 de material del absceso y 22 hemocultivos. En los 30 casos se aisló el agente etiológico. El Staphylococcus aureus representó el 83.3% (25 casos) y Escherichia coli, Nocardia spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, Micobacteria no tuberculosa y Pseudomonas aeruginosa fueron aislados en un caso cada uno. Recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico 17 pacientes, punciones aspirativas, 9; antibióticos solamente, 4. Presentaron buena evolución 28 de los 30 pacientes (93.3%), óbitos, 2 (6.6%); desconocida, 2. Este estudio concluyó que: ante la etiología diversa y cambiante de las piomiositis primarias es importante reconocer el agente involucrado y su sensibilidad antibiótica. La ecografía realiza la evaluación en tiempo real y puede ser utilizada como guía de punción facilitando el diagnóstico inmediato. Esto la diferencia de otras técnicas, transformándola en un método de primera línea para el estudio de esta enfermedad.


Primary pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of striated muscle which is acquired by hematogenous route. It is related to risk factors such as HIV/aids and other immuno suppressing diseases, and can be associated with local muscle stress factors. The most frequent etiology is Staphylococcus aureus. Its diagnostic delay may cause a fatal evolution. In this series 32 patients with primary pyomyositis diagnosed by ultrasound were evaluated. The most frequent risk factor was HIV/aids (61%). Local factors were detected in 21 (66%) cases: first, the practice of football. The monofocal form was observed in 19 (59%), the most commonly affected muscles were quadriceps, calves and psoas. Samples for bacteriological study were obtained in 30 cases, 22 blood culture and 27 abscess materials. In 30 cases the etiologic agent was isolated. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 83.3% (25 cases) and Escherichia coli, Nocardia spp., Streptococcus agalactiae, nontuberculous mycobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated in one case each. Seventeen patients received surgical treatment, aspirative punctures, 9; antibiotics alone, 4. Twenty eight (93.3%) patients had a good evolution; deaths, 2 (6.6%); unknown, 2. Main conclusions of this study were: due to the diverse and changing etiology of the primary pyomyositis it is important to recognize the etiological agent involved and their antibiotic susceptibility.The ultrasound performed the study in real time so it can be used to guide the puncture and to facilitate the immediate diagnosis. This makes the difference with other techniques and transforms it into a first-line method for the study of this disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnostic imaging , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Pyomyositis/diagnostic imaging , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography , Pyomyositis/microbiology , Pyomyositis/therapy
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